ABSTRACT
This article is brief review of study on alpha-asarone after 1996. The summary mainly includes the dosage forms, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, pharmacological effects, toxicology and clinical uses during the past ten years.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Acorus , Chemistry , Anisoles , Pharmacology , Anticonvulsants , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Expectorants , Pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish methods for quantitative determination of ginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and polysaccarides and compare the qualities of Tongrentang Red Ginseng and Korean Red Ginseng.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Macroreticular resin-colorimetric method was developed to determine ginseng saponins and a new HPLC method with gradient eluents was established for determination of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1. For ginseng polysaccharides, phenol-oil of vitriol colorimetric method was developed and some factors were also optimized.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of ginseng saponins in Tongrentang Red Ginseng was not lower than that of Korean Red Ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Tongrentang Red Ginseng were higher than those in Korean Red Ginseng, while Ginsenoside Re was slightly lower than that of Korean Red Ginseng. However, the amount of Ginseng Polysaccharides in Tongrentang Red Ginseng was greater than those in Korean Red Ginseng.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The contents of ginseng saponins and ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 in Tongrentang Red Ginseng were not lower than that in Korean Red Ginseng. The methods for determination of ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides were quite accurate and reliable to the quality control of Ginseng.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Colorimetry , Methods , Ginsenosides , Reference Standards , Korea , Panax , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Polysaccharides , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To promote the nasal absorption of recombinant hirudin-2, the preparation and physicochemical properties of recombinant hirudin-2 liposomes, as well as its pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability in rats after nasal administration were investigated.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Recombinant hirudin-2 liposomes were prepared by reversal phase evaporation; the test of physicochemical properties including encapsulation efficiency, particle size and stability of liposome suspensions were determined by HPLC; Recombinant hirudin-2 concentration in plasma was determined by chromogenic substrate method and the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters were also calculated using software program 3p87.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The encapsulation efficiency of recombinant hirudin-2 liposome reached greater than 76.95%, with an average particle size of about 168.3 nm, size distribution ranging from 24 to 286 nm, relative peak width of +/- 0.47, and a good stability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with recombinant hirudin-2 solution, liposome preparation enhanced the nasal absorption of recombinant hirudin-2.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Intranasal , Area Under Curve , Biological Availability , Drug Carriers , Drug Stability , Hirudins , Genetics , Pharmacokinetics , Liposomes , Particle Size , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Recombinant Proteins , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Technology, Pharmaceutical , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the degradation of recombinant hirudin-2 (rHV2) in nasal mucosa of rabbit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The specific and accurate HPLC method was developed for analyzing rHV2; The degrading ratios of rHV2 at different concentrations and at pH conditions in rabbit nasal mucosa homogenate were determined; The results in nasal mucosa homogenate were compared with that in small intestinal mucosa homogenate of rabbits. The stability of rHV2 in the enzyme extract of nasal mucosa surface and the effect of proteolysis inhibitor bacitracin on the degradation of rHV2 in nasal mucosa homogenate were also estimated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degradation of rHV2 in rabbit nasal mucosa homogenate showed concentration- and pH-dependence; rHV2 in nasal mucosa homogenate was more stable than that in intestinal mucosa homogenate. Also rHV2 was more stable in the enzyme extracts of nasal serosal surface than that of mucosa surface. Addition of bacitracin was able to inhibit the degradation to some degree.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Comparing with oral administration, rHV2 nasal delivery was a more tolerant route.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Bacitracin , Pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Hirudins , Genetics , Metabolism , Pharmacokinetics , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Intestinal Mucosa , Metabolism , Kinetics , Nasal Mucosa , Metabolism , Recombinant Proteins , Metabolism , PharmacokineticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the linkage between K469E polymorphism of intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM1) gene with ICAM1 plasma level and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han population of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-four controls without CHD and 160 patients with CHD were enrolled in our study. By nested PCR with allele-specific oligonucleotide primers, all patients and controls were genotyped for the ICAM1 polymorphism. And the ICAM1 plasma level was measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the patients with CHD, both K allele frequency and the plasma level of ICAM1 were higher than those in control (P<0.05). The individual with K allele had higher plasma level of ICAM1 than that without K allele (344.34+/-128.59 microg/L vs 303.54+/-108.74 microg/L, P=0.008). K allele enhanced the risk of CHD (P<0.01, OR=2.158, 95%CI: 1.250-3.727). There was the K allele cooperation with smoking in influencing the risk of CHD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is the polymorphism of ICAM1 K469E gene in Han population of China, and the K allele may be a genetic factor influencing the risk of CHD.</p>